显微镜 观察 古陶瓷 釉面 表面 老化 痕迹 现象
显微镜 观察 古陶瓷 釉面 表面 老化 痕迹 现象鉴定古瓷器真伪，科学的方法是微观定新老，宏观断年代，已成为藏家的共识，
用100-500倍显微镜能分辨出用肉眼分不清的真伪特征，
抓住瓷器造假无法达到的特征，就是抓住了瓷器真伪的绝对特征。
在网上交流大家看到的照片一般都是宏观特征，对开门新或开门老的，一眼就能分辨出真假，做出的判断还算靠谱。
但大部分由于不是一眼开门，
单凭照片鉴定就违反了微观定新老，宏观断年代的原则，
就回到了纯眼学凭宏观断新老的老路上。
根据多年的经验，将微观典型特征归纳一下，供藏友们参考：
一、苏麻离青黑色矛头状晶簇这是苏料的指纹特征
即瓷器烧出来就有的特征，晶体结构不是可随意造假的，
这种矛头状晶簇只有在元青花和明早期用苏料的铁锈斑中普遍存在，
用100倍以上显微镜看的很清楚。
二、网格纹
1、唐代长沙窑网格纹
2、宋青花网格纹
3、元青花网格纹
4、明代青花和釉里红瓷器网格纹
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三、固相二次结晶
固相二次结晶，出土瓷器在地下稳定的条件下，要二次矿化还原，从不稳定状态到稳定状态是矿物演化的普遍规律。
在釉中或凸出釉面还原成原来的矿物晶体结构，一般有白色、黄色、褐色，成放射状、絮状、团粒状结构。
宋代以前的结晶密集的（如宋青花）呈斑块连体状结构。
1、汉青花结晶
2、唐青花结晶
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3、宋青花和宋代彩瓷结晶
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4、元明瓷器结晶
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四、苏料矛头状晶簇下面的铁褐斑，不是每个晶簇下面都有，但这种晶簇下面的复合特征很常见。
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五、钙化开片
一般在唐代以前老窑瓷器上常见，瓷器平行开片两侧能见到白色钙化特征
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六、二次莫来石，常见于宋代以前软质瓷，
由于窑温低，釉中含有很多各种形状的未熔化的颗粒，特别是汝窑上常见
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七、老化死亡破口变色气泡及开片沁色
一般看破口和变色气泡要通过偏光镜证明瓷器未被酸洗的前提下才有意义，
有的传世老瓷器开片向两侧沁色明显，像古玉的沁色。
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八、综合微观特征
有的瓷器在显微镜下，一个镜头就拍到了两种以上微观特征，这样的更有说服力。
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